Obesity and Diabetes: It Doesn’t Have to Be.

In October 2008, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control reported that the incidence of newly diagnosed diabetes nearly doubled in the last 10 years. The human and economic cost of diabetes, in the U.S. and around the world, is rapidly becoming the most important of all public health problems. The good news is that diabetes, along with most other chronic degenerative diseases, can be prevented through modest lifestyle changes. Knowing the risk factors and learning how to reduce them can restore active and healthy lives to millions.

Obesity and Diabetes: It Doesn’t Have to Be.
There is no chronic degenerative disease more epidemic today than type 2 diabetes. And yet it is among the most easily prevented of all diseases. That’s because the explosion of diabetes we see today is largely the result of two trends: rapidly increasing obesity and a dramatic drop in daily physical exercise. Those trends can be reversed and the incidence of obesity, diabetes, and their complications greatly reduced. 

The reason I can say that with confidence is the result of an important study by the Diabetes Prevention Program, a major clinical trial performed by the National Institutes of Health. All 3,234 study participants in the study were overweight and had impaired glucose tolerance, recognized risk factors for diabetes.

One-third of the subjects took metformin, the most frequently-prescribed diabetes drug, twice a day, one-third received a placebo twice a day in place of the drug, and one-third received training in diet, exercise, and behavior modification. 

The goals of the lifestyle intervention training were to:

• achieve and maintain a weight loss of 7 percent with healthy eating and increased physical activity, and
• maintain physical activity at least 150 minutes a week with moderate exercise, such as walking or biking.

Not what you would consider a radical change in lifestyle. 

The results, however, were radical. While metformin was found to somewhat reduce the risk of diabetes in persons at high risk, lifestyle intervention was far more effective. Overall, healthy diet and exercise—without any drugs—reduced the likelihood of diabetes by nearly two-thirds. Of course there also were no negative drug side effects from eating right and exercising, only additional benefits that can last a lifetime.

These striking results tell us that millions of high-risk people can use diet, exercise, and behavior modification to avoid developing type 2 diabetes. Through nothing more than awareness of risk factors, and individual preventive action, families all around the world can be spared the burden of diabetes and its debilitating complications.

Further reading:
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metmormin. N. Engl. J. Med. 346(6):393-403. 2002.

Molitch, M.E., et al. The Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Global Implications. J. Am Soc Nephrol. 14:S103-07. 2003.

Kirtland, K. et al. State-specific incidence of diabetes among adults—participating states, 1995—1997 and 2005—2007. MMWR 57:1169-72. 2008.


from http://www.usana.com/Main/myUsana/page/HealthDiabetes

How much protein do you really need?

By Sarah B. Weir and Lori Bongiorno
Posted Mon Aug 8, 2011 2:04pm PDT More from Green Picks blog

Guess how much protein is in a juicy, 8-ounce cheeseburger washed down with a milkshake? This single meal contains two to three times as much as most people need per day.

It’s no great surprise that Americans chow down on a lot of protein. We love beef and consume about 67 pounds per capita annually (that’s four times the international average). The popularity of low-carb regimes such as Atkins has also made meat the go-to food for dieters.

In fact, the average person eats about double the amount of protein that their body requires, according to the results of 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

How to fulfill your daily protein requirement

The human body uses protein to repair damaged cells and to build new ones. Marion Nestle, professor of nutrition at NYU and author of What to Eat, estimates that the average adult man needs about 65 grams of protein a day and the average adult female needs about 55 grams. Some sources, such as the Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization say you can maintain a healthy diet with even less.

What does this actually mean in terms of food choices? The National Institutes of Health explains that most people can meet their daily protein requirement by eating two to three small servings of a protein-rich food a day.

Examples of a single serving of protein include:

• 1 egg
• 2 tablespoons of peanut butter
• 2-3 ounces of red meat, poultry, or fish (about the size of a deck of cards)
• ½ cup of cooked dried beans such as black beans or chickpeas

Whole grains, seeds, and some vegetables also contain protein, so consuming enough is not difficult even if you don’t eat meat. Vegetarians and vegans can easily get what they need by balancing complimentary proteins such as corn and beans or rice and tofu. Nutritionists used to recommend combining foods at the same meal, but research now shows that is unnecessary.

Are there drawbacks to eating more protein?

Eating large amounts of red and processed meats is associated with higher rates of heart disease and cancer, and most nutritionists such as Marion Nestle recommend cutting back on meat, especially on fatty cuts.

However, it’s less well known that your protein choices can have a substantial impact on the environment. Meat and dairy production requires tremendous amounts of fuel, pesticides, and chemical fertilizers, and generates greenhouse gases. The Environmental Working Group’s (EWG) recently published Meat Eater’s Guide points out that if you ate once less burger a week it would be the environmentally-positive equivalent of taking your car off the road for 320 miles.

Meat is also expensive. Not all proteins are created equal -- neither at the doctor’s office, nor the cash register. Here’s a comparison of three typical proteins:

Porterhouse steak
Serving size: 4 ounces
Protein: 22 grams
EWG carbon footprint rating: 2 nd worst out of 20 analyzed
Cost: 4 dollars
Fat: 22 grams
Saturated fat: 9 grams

Farm-raised salmon
Serving size: 4 ounces
Protein: 22 grams
EWG carbon footprint rating: 5th worst
Cost: 3 dollars
Fat: 10 grams
Saturated fat: 2 grams

Lentils
Serving size: 1 cup
Protein: 17.9 grams
EWG carbon footprint rating: best
Cost: 20 cents
Fat: zero
Saturated fat: zero

Many people find meat to be a delicious and satisfying component of their diet that they don’t want to sacrifice. But if you want to save money, eat a nutritionally sound diet, and are concerned about the impact meat and dairy production has on the planet, consider reducing your consumption.

Here are some tips from the EWG's Meat Eater’s Guide:

• Reduce portion sizes by eating one less burger or steak each week, or participate in Meatless Mondays by skipping meat (and cheese if you can swing it) just one day a week.
• Choose the healthiest protein sources when you can. Beans, low-fat yogurt, and nuts are all high in protein and low-impact.
• When you do eat meat and cheese, eat the highest quality that you can afford. (One way to save money is to eat less, but better quality meat and dairy products.) Here’s a guide decoding the labels, from cage-free to grass-fed.
• Don’t waste meat. Uneaten meat accounts for about 20 percent of meat’s greenhouse gas emissions.

You don’t have to become a vegetarian or go to other extremes. These small changes will help reduce your impact, while providing plenty of protein in your diet.

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